Benjamin Banneker

Occupation: Naturalist; Mathematician; Astronomer; Almanac Author 

Place of Origin: Baltimore County, Maryland 

Summary

Benjamin Banneker was a self-taught African American mathematician, astronomer, and polymath, recognized as one of the earliest African American scientists. Born on November 9, 1731, in Baltimore County, Maryland, he was the son of Robert, a freed African slave, and Mary Banneky, the daughter of an Englishwoman and an African slave. Growing up on his family's 100-acre tobacco farm, Banneker had limited formal education but demonstrated a remarkable aptitude for mathematics and mechanics. 

Achievements and Accolades

In 1753, at the age of 21, Banneker constructed a fully functional wooden clock, reportedly the first built in America, which kept precise time for decades. His fascination with astronomy led him to accurately predict a solar eclipse in 1789, challenging prevailing scientific opinions. Between 1792 and 1797, Banneker published a series of almanacs that included his astronomical calculations, weather predictions, and essays on various topics. These almanacs were widely circulated and showcased his scientific expertise. 

In 1791, Banneker was appointed to assist Major Andrew Ellicott in surveying the boundaries of the newly designated federal capital, Washington, D.C. His role in this significant project highlighted his skills in surveying and mathematics. An advocate for racial equality, Banneker corresponded with then-Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, challenging him to address the injustices of slavery and promote better treatment for African Americans. Banneker's eloquent letter and Jefferson's response were later published, contributing to early discussions on civil rights. 

Benjamin Banneker passed away on October 19, 1806, in Baltimore County, Maryland. His legacy as a pioneering African American scientist and advocate for equality continues to inspire and be celebrated.